Publications and Reports

Lawlor, J. A., Neal, Z. P., Metta, K. R. (2022). When community change theory meets practice: Exploring some of the challenges to information sharing networks for community change. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 8(2), 246-256. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000318

Greenwood, C. R., Carta, J. J., Schnitz, A. G., Walker, D., Gabriel, D., Thompson, V., Watson-Thompson, J. (2021). Progress Toward a Multisectoral Community Intervention Approach to Prevention of the Word Gap. Behavior and social issues, 30(1), 545–565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42822-021-00074-y

Watson-Thompson, J., Rakos, R. F., Anderson-Carpenter, K. (2021). An editorial on revitalizing behavioral community psychology: Where do we go from here? Behavior and Social Issues, 30(1), 514-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42822-021-00080-0

Fawcett, S. B. (2021). A reflection on community research and action as an evolving practice. Behavior and Social Issues, 30(1), 535-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42822-021-00083-x

Stewart, D., Jessop, N., Watson-Thompson, J. (2021). Examining conflict mediation to prevent violence through multisector partnerships. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 27(2), 170-181. https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000536

Schultz, J., Fawcett, S., Holt, C., Watson-Thompson, J. (2020). Strengthening collaborative action for community health and development. American Journal of Health Studies, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2020.198

Greenwood, C. R., Carta, J. J., Walker, D., Watson-Thompson, J., Gilkerson, J., Larson, A. L., Schnitz, A. (2017). Conceptualizing a public health prevention intervention for bridging the 30 million word gap. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 20(1), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-017-0223-8

Colvin, J. D., Collie-Akers, V., Schunn, C., Moon, R. Y. (2014). Sleep environment risks for younger and older infants. Pediatrics, 134(2), e406-e412. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0401

Fawcett, S., Schultz, J., Watson-Thompson, J., Fox, M., Bremby, R. (2010). Building multisectoral partnerships for population health and health equity. Preventing chronic disease, 7(6), A118. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20950525/

Fawcett, S., Abeykoon, P., Arora, M., Dobe, M., Galloway-Gilliam, L., Liburd, L., Munodawafa, D. (2010). Constructing an action agenda for community empowerment at the 7th Global Conference on Health Promotion in Nairobi. Global health promotion, 17(4), 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975910383933

Watson-Thompson, J., Fawcett, S. B., Schultz, J. A. (2008). A framework for community mobilization to promote healthy youth development. American journal of preventive medicine, 34(3 Suppl), S72–S81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.016

Fawcett, S. B., Francisco, V. T., Schultz, J. A. (2004). Understanding and improving the work of community health and development. In J. Burgos and E. Ribes (Eds.), Theory, basic, and applied research, and technological applications in behavioral science. Guadalajara, Mexico: Universidad de Guadalajara.

Fawcett, S. B. (2002). Evaluating Comprehensive Community Initiatives: A Bill of Rights and Responsibilities. In S. Isaacs (Ed.), Improving Population Health: The California Wellness Foundation's Health Improvement Initiative (pp. 229-233). San Francisco: Social Policy Press.

Fawcett, S. B., Francisco, V. T., Hyra, D., Paine-Andrews, A., Schultz, J. A., Roussos, S., Fisher, J. L., Evensen, P. (2000). Building Healthy Communities. In A.R. Tarlov and R.F. St. Peter (Eds.), The society and population health reader: A state and community perspective (pp. 314-334). Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publishers

Fawcett, S. B., Francisco, V. T., Paine-Andrews, A., Schultz, J. A. (2000). A model memorandum of collaboration: a proposal. Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974), 115(2-3), 174–179. https://doi.org/10.1093/phr/115.2.174

Roussos, S. T., Fawcett, S. B. (2000). A review of collaborative partnerships as a strategy for improving community health. Annual review of public health, 21, 369–402. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.369

Fawcett, S. B. (1999). Some lessons on community organization and change. In J. Rothman (Ed.), Reflections on community organizations: Enduring themes and critical issues (pp.314-334). Itasca, Illinois: F.E. Peacock Publishers.

Fawcett, S. B., Paine-Andrews, A., Francisco, V. T., Schultz, J. A., Richter, K. P., Lewis, R. K., Williams, E. L., Harris, K. J., Berkley, J. Y., Fisher, J. L., Lopez, C. M. (1995). Using the empowerment theory in collaborative partnerships for community health and development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 677-697. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02506987

Fawcett, S. B., Paine, A. l., Francisco, V. T., Vilet, M. (1993). Promoting health through community development. In D.S. Glenwick & L.A. Jason (Eds.), Promoting health and mental health in children, youth and families (pp. 233-255). New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Fawcett, S. B. (1991). Some values guiding community research and action. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 24(4), 621–636. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1991.24-621

Fawcett, S. B. (1990). Some emerging standards for community research and action: Aid from a behavior perspective. In P. Tolan, C. Keys, F. Chertok, & L. A. Jason (Eds.), Researching community psychology: Issues of theory and methods (pp. 64–75). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10073-006

Fawcett, S., Holt, C., Solar-Hormazabal, O., Eijkemans, G., Partridge, D., Jordan, S., Bryan, C., Zhu, A., Williams, A. K., Hassaballa-Muhammad, R., Hill, E. (2023). Equity lens protocol: Reflecting on harms from the COVID-19 response and mitigation strategies implemented in a local public health system. Health Promotion Practice, 25(4), 526-530. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248399231173702

Phori, P. M., Fawcett, S., Nidjergou, N. N., Silouakadila, C., Hassaballa, R., Siku, D. K. (2022). Participatory monitoring and evaluation of the COVID-19 response in the Africa region. Health Promotion Practice, 24(3), 432-443. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248399221095524

Greenwood, C. R., Carta, J. J., Schnitz, A. G., Walker, D., Gabriel, D., Thompson, V., Watson-Thompson, J. (2021). Progress toward a Multisectoral community intervention approach to prevention of the word gap. Behavior and Social Issues, 30(1), 545-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42822-021-00074-y

Holt, C. M., Fawcett, S. B., Hassaballa-Muhammad, R., Partridge, D., Jordan, S. (2021). Participatory monitoring and evaluation of the COVID-19 response in a local public health system. Health Promotion Practice, 22(6), 750-757. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248399211041085

Ardila Sánchez, J. G., Cihon, T. M., Malott, M. E., Mattaini, M. A., Rakos, R. F., Rehfeldt, R. A., Richling, S. M., Roose, K. M., Seniuk, H. A., Watson-Thompson, J. (2020). Collective editorial: Ten guidelines for strategic social action. Behavior and Social Issues, 29(1), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42822-020-00038-8

Schultz, J. A., Collie‐Akers, V. L., Fawcett, S. B., Strauss, W. J., Nagaraja, J., Landgraf, A. J., McIver, K. L., Weber, S. A., Arteaga, S. S., Nebeling, L. C., Rauzon, S. M. (2018). Association between community characteristics and implementation of community programmes and policies addressing childhood obesity: The healthy communities study. Pediatric Obesity, 13(S1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12432

Collie‐Akers, V. L., Schultz, J. A., Fawcett, S. B., Landry, S., Obermeier, S., Frongillo, E. A., Forthofer, M., Weinstein, N., Weber, S. A., Logan, A., Arteaga, S. S., Nebeling, L., Au, L. E. (2018). Measuring the intensity of community programs and policies for preventing childhood obesity in a diverse sample of US communities: The healthy communities study. Pediatric Obesity, 13(S1), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12423

Fawcett, S. B., Schultz, J., Collie-Akers, V., Holt, C., Watson-Thompson, J., Francisco, V. (2017). Participatory monitoring and evaluation of community health initiatives using the Community Check Box evaluation system. In N. Wallerstein, B. Duran, J. Oetzel, and M. Minkler (Eds.). (3rd edition). Community-based participatory research for health. (pp. 399-404). San Francisco: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190652234.003.0013

Anderson-Carpenter, K., Watson-Thompson, J., Jones, M. D., Chaney, L. (2017). Improving community readiness for change through coalition capacity building: Evidence from a multisite intervention. Journal of Community Psychology, 00, 14. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21860

Fawcett, S. B., Collie-Akers, V. L., Schultz, J. A., Kelley, M. (2015). Measuring community programs and policies in the healthy communities study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(4), 636-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.027

Schober, D. J., Fawcett, S. B. (2015). Using action planning to build organizational capacity for the prevention of intimate partner violence. Health Education & Behavior, 42(4), 449-457. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198114564501

Schober, D. J., Zarate, J., Fawcett, S. B. (2015). Developing an academic–community partnership to promote soccer-based physical activity among Latino youth. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action, 9(3), 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2015.0052

Holt, C. M., Fawcett, S. B., Schultz, J. A., Berkowitz, B., Wolff, T. J., Francisco, V. T. (2013). Building Community Practice Competencies Globally through the Community Tool Box. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 4(4), 1-8. Retrieved Day/Month/Year, from (http://www.gjcpp.org/).

Holt, C. M., Fawcett, S. B., Schultz, J. A., Jones, J. A., Berkowitz, B., Wolff, T. J., Francisco, V. T., Rabinowitz, P. W. (2013). Disseminating online tools for building capacity among community practitioners. Journal of prevention & intervention in the community, 41(3), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2013.788349

Watson-Thompson, J., Woods, N. K., Schober, D. J., Schultz, J. A. (2013). Enhancing the Capacity of Substance Abuse Prevention Coalitions Through Training and Technical Assistance. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 41(3), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2013.788345

Collie-Akers, V. L., Fawcett, S. B., Schultz, J. A. (2013). Measuring progress of collaborative action in a community health effort. Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health, 34(6), 422–428.

Schultz, J. A., Pandya, S., Sims, M., Jones, J. A., Fischer, S. (2013). Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Within a Statewide Support System to Prevent Adolescent Substance Abuse. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 41(3), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2013.788347

Fawcett, S. B., Schultz, J. A., Holt, C. M., Collie-Akers, V., Watson-Thompson, J. (2013). Participatory Research and Capacity Building for Community Health and Development. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 41(3), 139–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2013.788340

Watson-Thompson, J., Jones, M. D., Colvin, J. D., McClendon-Cole, T., Schober, D. J., Johnson, A. M. (2013). Supporting a Community-Based Participatory Evaluation Approach to Violence Prevention in Kansas City. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 41(3), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2013.788342

Collie-Akers, V. L., Watson-Thompson, J., Schultz, J. A., Fawcett, S. B. (2009). A case study of use of data for participatory evaluation within a statewide system to prevent substance abuse. Health Promotion Practice, 11(6), 852-858. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839909331553

Fawcett, S., Schultz, J. (2008). Supporting Participatory Evaluation using the Community Tool Box Online Documentation System. In M. Minkler and N. Wallerstein (Eds.), Community-based participatory research for health (pp. 419-424). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Fawcett. S. B., Schultz, J. A., Francisco, V. T., Berkowitz, B., Wolff, T., Rabinowitz, R. W., Wydeven Olverius, R. (2008). Using Internet Technology for Capacity Development in Communities: The Case of the Community Tool Box. In J. Rothman, et al. (Eds.), Strategies of Community Intervention (7th ed.), Eddie Bowers Publishing.

Fawcett, S. B., Boothroyd, R., Schultz, J. A., Francisco, V. T., Carson, V., Bremby, R. (2003). Building Capacity for Participatory Evaluation Within Community Initiatives. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 26(2), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1300/J005v26n02_03

Schultz, J. A., Fawcett, S. B., Francisco, V. T., Berkowitz, B. (2003). Using Information Systems to Build Capacity: A Public Health Improvement Tool Box. In: O’Carroll, P. W., Ripp, L. H., Yasnoff, W. A., Ward, M. E., Martin, E. L. (eds) Public Health Informatics and Information Systems. Health Informatics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22745-8_29

Fawcett, S., Schultz, J., Carson, V., Renault, V., Francisco, F. (2002). Using internet based tools to build capacity for community based participatory research and other efforts to promote community health and development. In M. Minkler and N. Wallerstein (Eds.), Community based participatory research for health (pp. 155-178). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Fawcett, S. B., Francisco, V. T., Schultz, J. A., Berkowitz, B., Wolff, T. J., Nagy, G. (2000). The Community Tool Box: A Web-based resource for building healthier communities. Public Health Reports, 115(2&3), 274-278. https://doi.org/10.1093/phr/115.2.274

Schultz, J. A., Fawcett, S. B., Francisco, V. T., Wolff, T., Berkowitz, B. R., Nagy, G. (2000). The Community Tool Box: Using the Internet to Support the Work of Community Health and Development. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 17(2–3), 193–215. https://doi.org/10.1300/J017v17n02_06

Fawcett, S. B., Paine-Andrews, A., Francisco, V. T., Schultz, J., Richter, K. P., Berkley-Patton, J., Fisher, J. L., Lewis, R. K., Lopez, C. M., Russos, S., Williams, E. L., Harris, K. J., Evensen, P. (2001). Evaluating community initiatives for health and development. WHO regional publications. European series, (92), 241–270.

Fawcett, S., Paine-Andrews, A., Francisco, V., Schultz, J., Richter, K., Lewis, R., Harris, K., Williams, E., Berkley, J., Lopez, C., Fisher, J. (1996). Empowering community health initiatives through evaluation. In Empowerment Evaluation: Knowledge and Tools for Self-Assessment & Accountability (pp. 161-187). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452243573

Paine-Andrews, A., Francisco, V. J., Fawcett, S. B. (1994). Assessing community health concerns and implementing a microgrant program for self-help initiatives. American journal of public health, 84(2), 316–318. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8296965/

Francisco, V. T., Paine, A. L., Fawcett, S. B. (1993). A methodology for monitoring and evaluating community health coalitions. Health education research, 8(3), 403–416. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/8.3.403

Greenwood, C. R., Carta, J. J., Schnitz, A. G., Walker, D., Gabriel, D., Thompson, V., Watson-Thompson, J. (2021). Progress toward a Multisectoral community intervention approach to prevention of the word gap. Behavior and Social Issues, 30(1), 545-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42822-021-00074-y

Watson‐Thompson, J., Jessop, N., Hassaballa, I., Vanchy, P., Henderson, J., Moore, C. (2020). Together helping reduce youth violence for equity (ThrYve): Examining the development of a comprehensive Multisectoral approach to youth violence prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology, 66(3-4), 244-255. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12449

Sepers, C. E., Fawcett, S. B., Hassaballa, I., DiGennaro Reed, F., Schultz, J., Munodawafa, D., Phori, P. M., Chiriseri, E. (2018). Evaluating implementation of the Ebola response in Margibi County, Liberia. Health Promotion International, 34(3), 510-518. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day010

Strauss, W. J., Nagaraja, J., Landgraf, A. J., Arteaga, S. S., Fawcett, S. B., Ritchie, L. D., John, L. V., Gregoriou, M., Frongillo, E. A., Loria, C. M., Weber, S. A., Collie‐Akers, V. L., McIver, K. L., Schultz, J., Sagatov, R. D., Leifer, E. S., Webb, K., Pate, R. R. (2018). The longitudinal relationship between community programmes and policies to prevent childhood obesity and BMI in children: The healthy communities study. Pediatric Obesity, 13(S1), 82-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12266

Frongillo, E. A., Fawcett, S. B., Ritchie, L. D., Sonia Arteaga, S., Loria, C. M., Pate, R. R., John, L. V., Strauss, W. J., Gregoriou, M., Collie-Akers, V. L., Schultz, J. A., Landgraf, A. J., Nagaraja, J. (2017). Community policies and programs to prevent obesity and child adiposity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(5), 576-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.05.006

Watson-Thompson, J., May, M. J., Jefferson, J., Young, Y., Young, A., Schultz, J. (2017). Examining the contributions of a community coalition in addressing urban health determinants. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 46(1), 7–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2018.1385936

Munodawafa, D., Moeti, M. R., Phori, P. M., Fawcett, S. B., Hassaballa, I., Sepers, C., Reed, F. D., Schultz, J. A., Chiriseri, E. T. (2017). Monitoring and evaluating the Ebola response effort in two liberian communities. Journal of Community Health, 43(2), 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0425-5

Sepers, C. E., Fawcett, S. B., Lipman, R., Schultz, J., Colie-Akers, V., Perez, A. (2015). Measuring the implementation and effects of a coordinated care model featuring diabetes self-management education within four patient-centered medical homes. The Diabetes Educator, 41(3), 328-342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721715577638

Keene Woods, N., Watson-Thompson, J., Schober, D. J., Markt, B., Fawcett, S. (2014). An empirical case study of the effects of training and technical assistance on community coalition functioning and sustainability. Health Promotion Practice, 15(5), 739-749. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839914525174

Fawcett, S. B., Collie-Akers, V., Schultz, J. A., Cupertino, P. (2013). Community-based participatory research within the Latino health for all coalition. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 41(3), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2013.788341

Schultz, J. A., Pandya, S., Sims, M., Jones, J. A., Fischer, S. (2013). Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Within a Statewide Support System to Prevent Adolescent Substance Abuse. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 41(3), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2013.788347

Paine-Andrews, A., Fisher, J. L., Campuzano, M. K., Fawcett, S. B., Berkley-Patton, J. (2000). Promoting sustainability of community health initiatives: An empirical case study. Health Promotion Practice, 1(3), 248-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/152483990000100311

Schober, D. J., Fawcett, S. B., Bernier, J. (2012). The Enough Abuse Campaign: Building the Movement to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse in Massachusetts. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 21(4), 456–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2012.675423

Schober, D. J., Fawcett, S. B., Thigpen, S., Curtis, A., Wright, R. (2012). An empirical case study of a child sexual abuse prevention initiative in Georgia. Health Education Journal, 71(3), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896911430546

Schultz, J., Collie‐Akers, V., Fernandez, C., Fawcett, S., Ronan, M. (2009). Implementing community‐based participatory research with two ethnic minority communities in Kansas City, Missouri. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 5(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/17479894200900006

Collie-Akers, V. L., Fawcett, S. B., Schultz, J. A., Carson, V., Cyprus, J., Pierle, J. E. (2007). Analyzing a community-based coalition’s efforts to reduce health disparities and the risk for chronic disease in Kansas City, Missouri. Prev Chronic Dis [serial online]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jul/06_0101.htm.

Paine-Andrews, A., Fisher, J., Berkely-Patton, J., Fawcett, S. B., Williams, E., Lewis, R., Harris, K. (2002). Analyzing the Contribution of Community Change to Population Health Outcomes in an Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Initiative. Health Education & Behavior 29(2). 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019810202900204

Richter, K. P., Harris, K. J., Paine-Andrews, A., Fawcett, S. B., Schmid, T. L., Lankenau, B. H., Johnston, J. (2000). Measuring the health environment for physical activity and nutrition among youth: A review of the literature and applications for community initiatives. Preventive Medicine, 31(2), S98-S111. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1999.0541

Paine-Andrews, A., Fisher, J. L., Harris, K. J., Lewis, R. K., Williams, E. L., Vincent, M. L., Fawcett, S. B., Campuzano, M. K. (2000). Some experiential lessons in supporting and evaluating community-based initiatives for preventing adolescent pregnancy. Health Promotion Practice, 1(1), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/152483990000100111

Paine-Andrews, A., Harris, K. J., Fisher, J. L., Lewis, R. K., Williams, E. L., Fawcett, S. B., Vincent, M. L. (1999). Effects of a replication of a Multicomponent model for preventing adolescent pregnancy in three Kansas communities. Family Planning Perspectives, 31(4), 182. https://doi.org/10.2307/2991591

Lewis, R. K., Paine-Andrews, A., Fisher, J., Custard, C., Fleming-Randle, M., Fawcett, S. B. (1999). Reducing the risk for adolescent pregnancy: Evaluation of a school/Community partnership in a midwestern military community. Family & Community Health, 22(2), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003727-199907000-00004

Harris, K. J., Richter, K. P., Paine-Andrews, A., Lewis, R. K., Johnston, J. A., James, V., Henke, L., Fawcett, S. B. (1997). Community partnerships: Review of selected models and evaluation of two case studies. Journal of Nutrition Education, 29(4), 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(97)70197-3

Paine-Andrews, A., Harris, K. J., Fawcett, S. B., Richter, K. P., Lewis, R. K., Francisco, V. T., Johnston, J., Coen, S. (1997). Evaluating a statewide partnership for reducing risks for chronic diseases. Journal of community health, 22(5), 343–359. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025175504044

Fawcett, S. B., Lewis, R. K., Paine-Andrews, A., Francisco, V. T., Richter, K. P., Williams, E. L., Copple, B. (1997). Evaluating community coalitions for prevention of substance abuse: The case of project freedom. Health Education & Behavior, 24(6), 812-828. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819702400614

Harris, K. J., Paine-Andrews, A., Richter, K. P., Lewis, R. K., Johnston, J. A., James, V., Henke, L., Fawcett, S. B. (1997). Reducing elementary school children's risks for chronic diseases through school lunch modifications, nutrition education, and physical activity interventions. Journal of Nutrition Education, 29(4), 196-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(97)70198-5

Andrews, A. P., Vincent, M. L., Fawcett, S. B., Campuzano, M. K., Harris, K. J., Lewis, R. K., Williams, E. L., Fisher, J. L. (1996). Replicating a community initiative for preventing adolescent pregnancy: From South Carolina to Kansas. Family & Community Health, 19(1), 14-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003727-199604000-00005